PLEASE SEE ATTACHED DOCUMENT FOR TOPIC AND SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS Essay

PLEASE SEE ATTACHED DOCUMENT FOR TOPIC AND SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS - Essay Example Despite the fact that the New York State Department of Education has embodied the belief that art education held the potential to be invaluable in the lives of children and adolescents, it has systematically been the first area targeted in times of budgetary need. The fight for and over arts education has been one that has effectively and efficiently led to a longstanding advocacy for its inclusion in the daily curriculum. Ultimately, the arts in the schools became something to fight for and over the next ten years, arts activists associated with New York City's vast array of cultural organizations and arts institutions emerged to do so. They began using artists to fill in the breach. They used the financial support of arts funders to develop existing arts outreach programs and to create new institutions whose mission was to educate public school children. Over time, more than one hundred of the city's arts organizations, from the major institutions down to the tiniest fragile dance ensembles, developed a roster of "teaching-artists" in a wide range of art forms — collage, African drumming, Chinese calligraphy, modem dance, opera, flamenco, and puppetry, to name a few — who would visit public school classrooms. In the early years, they would visit each classroom several times and present performances. As time went on, the teaching rather than the performance took precedence and teacher engagements got longer until they involved typically ten to sixteen visits (Horowitz & Ingram, 2005).

What do we mean by fair trade Can free trade be fair trade Essay

What do we mean by fair trade Can free trade be fair trade - Essay Example ironmental sustainability, the citification mechanism of producers in exporting countries and certification of products in importing countries and creating awareness of such products among consumers of the developed world (Singh, 2001). On the other hand free trade is a global effort to carry out international trade free of negative protectionist practices such as higher tariffs on imports, subsidies to domestic producers, foreign exchange restrictions, dumping cheaper goods abroad, imposing dubious standards on imports and import substitution by propping up unwieldy domestic industries. Theoretically free trade is based on neoliberal economic principles dating back to Ricardo’s argument on the principle of comparative advantage. Free trade and fair trade aren’t necessarily the same though some of the ultimate outcomes would converge. In fact divergences between the two are many and if free trade were practiced with full force indeed, fair trade would take a back seat. Globalization has been the catch word used by many who advocate free trade. Such people vehemently support all and everything in the name of free trade. On the other hand fair trade is a distant cousin of free trade. An inevitable aspect of this relationship between the two is that the former is marginalized while the latter is well placed at the center of the global market. Fair trade is essentially replete with intricate nuances ranging from market access facilitation processes to marginalized producers to sustainability efforts. Such noble principles need some theoretical and conceptual frameworks to support them though. Free trade theories are many while the principle of comparative advantage is the most predominant among them. The basis on which free trade is advocated by its supporters is determined by a series of arguments which in turn are associated with neoliberal perspectives. In the first place globalization is the logical premise used by supporters of international free trade to